Kodi Sefa Yosefera Yotentha ndi Yozizira ndi Chiyani?

Mu nthawi yomwe kupeza madzi oyera komanso otetezeka ndikofunikira kwambiri, njira zosefera madzi otentha ndi ozizira zawonekera ngati njira zatsopano zothetsera mavuto m'nyumba, maofesi, ndi malo amalonda. Njirazi zimagwirizanitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba wosefera ndi njira zowongolera kutentha kuti zipereke madzi oyera pa kutentha komwe mukufuna - otentha pa zakumwa monga tiyi kapena khofi, ndi ozizira pa zakumwa zotsitsimula. Mosiyana ndi zoziziritsira madzi zachikhalidwe zomwe zimadalira madzi a m'mabotolo, zoziziritsira izi zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi gwero la madzi, kusefa zinyalala nthawi iliyonse zikafunika pomwe zimapereka mwayi wopeza madzi otentha kapena ozizira nthawi yomweyo.

Lingaliro la kusefera kwamadzi linayambira zaka mazana ambiri, koma zoperekera zamasiku ano zotentha ndi zozizira zimayimira kusinthika kwa matekinoloje a kusefera, kutentha, ndi kuziziritsa. Amathana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri monga zoipitsa m'madzi apampopi, kuphatikiza chlorine, zitsulo zolemera, mabakiteriya, ndi dothi, pomwe akupereka mphamvu komanso mphamvu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za luso la machitidwewa, ndikuwunika zigawo zawo, mfundo zogwirira ntchito, mitundu, ubwino, zofunikira zokonzekera, ndi zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo. Pomvetsetsa machitidwewa, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino zowaphatikiza m'moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Pakatikati pake, makina opangira madzi otentha ndi ozizira ndi chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri chomwe chimatsuka madzi kudzera mu magawo angapo a kusefera kenako ndikusintha kutentha kwake pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti achotse mpaka 99.9% yazinthu zoyipa, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikutsatira miyezo yaumoyo monga yokhazikitsidwa ndi EPA kapena NSF. Njira yosefera nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo njira zamakina, zamankhwala, komanso nthawi zina zachilengedwe, pomwe kuwongolera kutentha kumadalira mfundo za thermodynamic. Pamene nkhani za ubwino wa madzi padziko lonse zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa ndi kukalamba kwa zomangamanga, machitidwewa amathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa thanzi ndi kukhazikika.

 

Zigawo Zofunikira za Dongosolo

Dongosolo losefera madzi otentha ndi ozizira lili ndi zigawo zingapo zolumikizana, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito inayake pakuyeretsa ndi kulamulira kutentha. Kumvetsetsa zigawo izi ndikofunikira kuti tizindikire momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito komanso kudalirika kwake.

Gawo losefera ndilo mtima wa dongosolo. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zosefera zamagulu angapo, kuyambira ndi sediment pre-sefa yomwe imagwira tinthu tambiri monga dzimbiri, mchenga, ndi dothi. Fyuluta yamakina iyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi polypropylene kapena ceramic, imalepheretsa kutsekeka m'magawo otsatirawa. Kenako pamabwera sefa ya kaboni, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma adsorption kuti ichotse zinthu zachilengedwe, chlorine, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), ndi fungo losasangalatsa kapena zokonda. Kapangidwe ka carbon activated kamapereka malo okulirapo—mpaka masikweya mita 1,000 pa gramu imodzi—potchera zowononga.

Kuti ayeretsedwe kwambiri, makina ambiri amaphatikiza nembanemba ya reverse osmosis (RO). RO imagwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono ngati 0.0001 ma microns kuti alekanitse mamolekyu amadzi ndi mchere wosungunuka, zitsulo zolemera monga lead ndi arsenic, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kukakamiza madzi kupyola mu nembanemba, kusiya zonyansa m'mbuyo muzitsulo zamadzimadzi zomwe zimatayidwa. Makina ena amaphatikizanso ma ultraviolet (UV) owumitsa kuwala, omwe amatulutsa kuwala kwa UV-C pa 254 nanometers kusokoneza DNA ya mabakiteriya, ma virus, ndi protozoa, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha tizilombo popanda mankhwala.

Zida zowongolera kutentha zimaphatikizapo tanki yotenthetsera ndi chosungira chozizirira. Tanki yotenthetsera, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, imagwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera chamagetsi - chofanana ndi cha m'maketulo - kukweza kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 95-100 ° C (203-212 ° F). Ma thermostat ndi masensa amasunga kuwongolera bwino, kupewa kutenthedwa komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu ikuyenda bwino. Kuzizirira, makina a firiji opangidwa ndi kompresa, monga furiji yaying'ono, amazizira madzi mpaka 4-10°C (39-50°F). Izi zimaphatikizapo kuzungulira kwa refrigerant komwe kompresa imapangitsa gasi (mwachitsanzo, R-134a), yomwe imafalikira mu koyilo ya evaporator kuti itenge kutentha m'madzi.

Zina zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo mapampu akuyenda kwamadzi, ma valve solenoid owongolera, ndi ma board amagetsi amagetsi olumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mapanelo okhudza kapena mabatani amalola kusankha madzi otentha, ozizira, kapena ozungulira, pomwe zida zachitetezo monga maloko a ana ndi makina ozimitsira okha zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito. Nyumba zamakina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yolimba ya ABS kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zimatsimikizira ukhondo komanso moyo wautali.

 

Momwe Njirayi imagwirira ntchito

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina osefera a madzi otentha ndi ozizira amatha kugawidwa m'magawo otsatizana, kuphatikiza mphamvu zamadzimadzi, thermodynamics, ndi mfundo zaukadaulo wamankhwala.

Madzi amalowa m'dongosolo kuchokera kumagetsi kapena chitsime kudzera pa valve yolowera. Choyamba chimadutsa mu pre-sefa kuchotsa zinyalala, kuteteza kunsi kwa mtsinje zigawo. Mitengo yoyenda imakhala 0.5-2 galoni pamphindi (GPM), kutengera mphamvu yachitsanzocho. Madziwo amakumana ndi gawo la carbon activated, pomwe ma adsorption kinetics amatenga gawo lalikulu. Nthawi yolumikizana pakati pa madzi ndi kaboni imatsimikizira kuchotsa bwino; kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

M'makina okhala ndi RO, pampu yolimbikitsira imawonjezera kukakamiza kwa 40-80 psi, kukakamiza madzi kudzera mu nembanemba. Madzi oyeretsedwa (madzi oyeretsedwa) amasonkhanitsidwa, pamene mtsinje wokana umachotsedwa, kusunga umphumphu wa membrane. Post-RO, madzi amatha kudutsa muzosefera zotsitsimutsanso kuti awonjezere mchere wofunikira monga calcium ndi magnesium, kuwongolera kukoma ndi pH yoyenera.

Kenako madzi oyeretsedwa amapita ku akasinja osungira: imodzi yotentha ndi ina yozizira. Tanki yotentha imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamphamvu, komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthira kukhala mphamvu yotentha kudzera pakutenthetsa kwa Joule (Q = I²Rt). Zomverera zimayang'anira kutentha, kuyendetsa chotenthetsera / kuzimitsa kuti chisungidwe malo. Pakuzizira, kuzungulira kwa firiji kumatsatira mfundo ya kuponderezana kwa nthunzi: kukanikiza kumakweza kutentha kwa mufiriji ndi kupanikizika, condensation imatulutsa kutentha, kukulitsa kumachepetsa kupanikizika, ndipo nthunzi imatenga kutentha kwa madzi.

Kuthirira kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Wogwiritsa ntchito akatsegula lever yotentha kapena yozizira, valavu ya solenoid imatsegulidwa, kulola mphamvu yokoka kapena kuyenda mothandizidwa ndi mpope. Mitundu yapamwamba imakhala ndi masensa oyenda ndi nyali za UV pamalo otulutsirako chotseketsa chomaliza. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumasiyanasiyana; Kutentha kutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma watts 500-1000, pomwe kuziziritsa kumafuna ma watts 100-200, ndi mitundu yoyimilira yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu zonse.

Kuchita bwino kwa dongosololi kumayesedwa ndi ma metrics ngati kuchepetsedwa kwathunthu kwa zinthu zolimba (TDS) - nthawi zambiri kuchokera pa 500 ppm mpaka pansi pa 50 ppm - komanso kuchira (chiyerekezo cha permeate-to-feed), nthawi zambiri 20-50% pamakina a RO. Kusamalira madzi otayidwa ndikofunikira; mayunitsi ena amakana madzi kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito mumphika.

 

Mitundu ya Makina Osefera Madzi Otentha ndi Ozizira

Makina osefera madzi otentha ndi ozizira amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Kugawa kumadalira mtundu wa makina oyika, njira yosefera, ndi mphamvu.

Mitundu ya Countertop ndi yaying'ono komanso yonyamula, yabwino kukhitchini yaying'ono kapena maofesi. Amalumikizana ndi mipope kudzera pa ma valve osinthira ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusefera kodyetsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo machitidwe omwe ali ndi zosefera za siteji 3-5, kupereka 1-2 malita osungira madzi otentha ndi ozizira. Izi ndizotsika mtengo koma zotulutsa zochepa.

Makina apansi-sink kapena point-of-use (POU) amayika pansi pa zowerengera, kulumikiza mwachindunji ku mapaipi. Amapereka mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi kuphatikiza kwa RO ndi UV, ndikutulutsa kudzera pampopi zodzipatulira. Izi ndi zanzeru komanso zogwira ntchito m'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Machitidwe a Point-of-Entry (POE), ngakhale kuti sapezeka kawirikawiri kwa ogawa, amasefa madzi a nyumba zonse asanalowe ku magawo otentha / ozizira. Njira zina zamadzi am'mabotolo zimagwiritsa ntchito zosungira zazikulu koma zimaphatikizapo kusefera kuti ziyeretsedwenso.

Kutengera kusefera, makina a carbon-okha ndi ofunikira komanso otsika mtengo, oyenera madzi owonongeka pang'ono. Machitidwe a RO amapereka chiyeretso chapamwamba kumadera omwe ali ndi TDS yapamwamba. Mitundu yowonjezereka ya UV imawonjezera chitetezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chofunikira m'madera omwe amatha kudwala matenda obwera ndi madzi.

Zopangira zamalonda zimakhala ndi akasinja akulu (magalani 5-10) ndi zida zolimba pantchito yolemetsa, pomwe zogona zimayika patsogolo kukongola komanso kumasuka. Mitundu yanzeru imaphatikiza IoT pakuwongolera pulogalamu, kuwunika moyo wa zosefera, ndi kusanthula kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

 

Ubwino ndi Zabwino

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zosefera zoperekera madzi otentha ndi ozizira kumapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana, thanzi, chilengedwe, chuma, komanso kusavuta.

Mwazaumoyo, machitidwewa amatsimikizira kupezeka kwa madzi opanda zonyansa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a m'mimba, poizoni wa heavy metal, ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi chlorine. Pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala, amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi komanso hydration. Zosankha za kutentha zimalimbikitsa kumwa-madzi otentha amathandizira chimbudzi, pamene kuzizira kumalimbikitsa mpumulo.

Mwachilengedwe, amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki, kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi mapazi a kaboni kuchokera kumabotolo ndi mayendedwe. Dongosolo limodzi limatha kusintha mabotolo masauzande pachaka, kusunga zinthu.

Pazachuma, ndalama zoyambira ($200-1000) zimathetsedwa ndi kusunga madzi am'mabotolo ndi mphamvu. Kusamalira kocheperako komanso moyo wautali wautali (miyezi 6-12) zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapangidwe osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, okhala ndi akasinja otsekeredwa ndi ma eco-modes, ndalama zotsika mtengo.

Kusavuta sikungafanane: madzi otentha nthawi yomweyo amachotsa nthawi yodikira yowira, pomwe madzi ozizira amatsutsana ndi mafiriji. Mapangidwe opulumutsa malo komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta kumawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu monga zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza ndikuzindikira kutayikira zimawonjezera kudalirika.

Poyerekeza ndi zosefera zosiyana ndi ketulo / mafiriji, machitidwe ophatikizika ndi opambana, ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa chifukwa cha zigawo zokongoletsedwa.

 

Kukonza ndi Kufufuza Zovuta

Kusamalira bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti makina osefera madzi otentha ndi ozizira agwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali.

Kusintha zosefera ndiye ntchito yayikulu. Zosefera za Sediment zimatha miyezi 3-6, kaboni 6-12 miyezi, ndi nembanemba ya RO zaka 2-3, kutengera mtundu wa madzi ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zizindikiro monga nyali za LED kapena kusintha kwamasigino a mapulogalamu. Kusintha kumaphatikizapo kutseka madzi, kufooketsa, ndi kusinthanitsa makatiriji - ndondomeko ya mphindi 10-15.

Kuyeretsa kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsedwa kwa akasinja ndi mizere nthawi ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito viniga kapena njira za opanga kuti apewe kuchulukana kwa biofilm. Nyali za UV zimafunikira kusinthidwa pachaka kuti zikhale zogwira mtima.

Kuthetsa zovuta zomwe wamba: Kutsika kochepa kumatha kuwonetsa zosefera zotsekeka; m'malo mwa iwo. Palibe madzi otentha omwe angachokere ku heater yolakwika; onani ma thermostats kapena zinthu. Kutayikira kumafuna chisamaliro chanthawi yomweyo-mangitsa zolumikizira kapena kusintha zisindikizo. Zokonda zachilendo zimawonetsa zosefera zomwe zatha kapena kukula kwa mabakiteriya; yeretsani ndi kuyeretsa.

Kugwira ntchito mwaukatswiri pachaka kumatsimikizira kutsata ndikuzindikira zovuta monga kuchulukana kwamadzi m'malo olimba, ochepetsedwa ndi zofewa.

 

Kuyerekeza ndi Njira Zina Zamadzi

Makina osefera otentha ndi ozizira amatsutsana ndi njira zina monga zoziziritsira madzi za m'mabotolo, zosefera za mitsuko, kapena makina anyumba yonse.

Zozizira zam'mabotolo zimapereka mwayi koma zimawononga ndalama zomwe zimabwerezedwa nthawi zambiri komanso zovuta zachilengedwe. Mitsuko ndi yotsika mtengo koma yochedwa komanso yochepa, ndipo ilibe mphamvu yowongolera kutentha.

Zosefera zanyumba yonse zimatsuka madzi onse koma sizimapereka madzi otentha / ozizira nthawi yomweyo. Magawo a Standalone RO amafunikira zida zotenthetsera / zoziziritsa zosiyana, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira.

Ma dispensers amapambana pakuphatikiza, akupereka yankho loyimitsa limodzi lokhala ndi kusefera kwapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

 

Zochitika Zamtsogolo ndi Zatsopano

Tsogolo la makina osefera amadzi otentha ndi ozizira ali muukadaulo wanzeru komanso kukhazikika. Kuphatikiza kwa IoT kumathandizira kuwunika kwakutali, kukonza zolosera, komanso zidziwitso zamtundu wamadzi kudzera pa mapulogalamu. AI ikhoza kukhathamiritsa kusefa kutengera kuzindikira kwakanthawi koyipa.

Zipangizo zamakono monga ma graphene nembanemba zimalonjeza kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa zinyalala. Mafiriji okongoletsedwa ndi zachilengedwe komanso zosankha zogwiritsa ntchito solar zidzachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Kusintha mwamakonda, monga kusinthika kwa mineralization kapena ma infusions okometsera, kumakwaniritsa zomwe amakonda. Kuphatikizika ndi nyumba zanzeru pakuwongolera mawu ndi makina odzipangira okha kuli pafupi.

Pamene kusowa kwa madzi kukukulirakulira, machitidwewa adzaphatikiza zinthu zobwezeretsanso komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchira.

Kutsiliza

Njira zosefera zopangira madzi otentha ndi ozizira zimayimira kuphatikizika kwaukadaulo kwaukadaulo woyeretsa komanso wosavuta, kuthana ndi zosowa zamakono zamadzi bwino. Pomvetsetsa zigawo zawo, machitidwe, ndi zopindulitsa, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwewa kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi, wokhazikika. Pamene zatsopano zikupitilira, mosakayikira zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti madzi ali otetezeka, oyendetsedwa ndi kutentha padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira yosefera madzi otentha ndi ozizira , mutha kupita ku Olansi pa https://www.olansgz.com/product-category/water-dispenser/ kuti mudziwe zambiri.